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Australia has one of the highest rates of melanoma in the world, largely due to its predominantly fair-skinned population and high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, arises when the pigment-producing cells in the skin, known as melanocytes, mutate and grow uncontrollably. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation, whether from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds, significantly increases the risk. In Australia, the "sunburn culture" of outdoor activities like beach-going and sports has historically contributed to a high incidence of melanoma, making it a major public health concern. Newcastle and the surrounding areas were recently highlighted by the Cancer Institute of NSW, as one of these ‘Melanoma Hotspots’. The effects of melanoma extend beyond the physical impact to include significant psychological and economic burdens. Physically, melanoma can metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body and becoming life-threatening if not detected and treated early. Treatments, which may include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, or targeted therapies, can be invasive and exhausting. Additionally, the diagnosis often causes emotional distress, anxiety, and a diminished quality of life, not only for the patient but also for their family. The economic cost is substantial, with healthcare systems bearing the brunt of expensive treatments and lost productivity due to illness or death. Efforts to mitigate sun damage in Australia have focused on public health campaigns like "Slip, Slop, Slap, Seek, and Slide," encouraging people to take protective measures such as wearing sunscreen, hats, and protective clothing, seeking shade, and wearing sunglasses. These initiatives aim to reduce the incidence of melanoma by promoting sun safety awareness from a young age. Despite these efforts, the enduring effects of accumulated sun damage highlight the importance of ongoing education, early detection through regular skin checks, and community-wide behavioural changes to combat this preventable disease effectively. The Newcastle Skin Clinic which operates out of Brunker Road Medical Centre provide skin checks and can help give you peace of mind. Make an appointment today.

The Shingrix vaccine, a highly effective solution for preventing shingles, has recently become available in Australia, offering significant protection against the painful condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, typically affects older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to a painful rash and, in some cases, long-term nerve pain known as postherpetic neuralgia. Shingrix, a recombinant zoster vaccine, has demonstrated over 90% efficacy in preventing shingles and its complications in clinical trials, making it a major advancement in public health. The availability of Shingrix in Australia marks a significant milestone, as it provides a more effective alternative to previous vaccines like Zostavax. Administered in two doses, Shingrix is recommended for adults aged 50 years and older, as well as those at increased risk of shingles due to immunosuppression. Its introduction aligns with efforts to reduce the healthcare burden associated with shingles, which can lead to hospitalisations and reduced quality of life. Australians now have access to this powerful preventive tool, which will play a crucial role in protecting the aging population and minimizing the long-term effects of shingles-related complications. Please speak to your doctor to find out if you are eligible for Shingrix.

We are experiencing Pertussis, or whooping cough outbreaks in the community. Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It begins with cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose and mild cough, which progress into severe coughing fits. These fits can lead to vomiting or difficulty breathing and are marked by the characteristic "whoop" sound during inhalation. In infants under six months, pertussis can present more dangerously, with pauses in breathing and potential hospitalisations. While vaccination remains the most effective prevention, immunity from childhood vaccinations wanes over time, necessitating boosters for adolescents and adults, especially those in close contact with young babies. Recent reports indicate pertussis is on the rise in Australia, with outbreaks driven by decreased vaccination rates and possibly a newer bacterial strain evading vaccine immunity. Long-term effects of severe pertussis can include chronic respiratory issues, rib fractures from intense coughing, and, in rare cases, neurological complications due to oxygen deprivation during coughing fits. Maintaining high vaccination rates, timely boosters, and prompt medical treatment are essential to controlling the disease and protecting vulnerable populations.  Speak to your Doctor today for more information.

Australia's COVID-19 vaccine program continues to evolve with the recent approval of updated vaccines targeting newer variants, such as the Omicron JN.1 subvariant. These updated vaccines, including options from Pfizer and Moderna, are designed to provide stronger protection against severe illness and hospitalisation. The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) recommends these vaccines as booster doses for individuals at higher risk, such as those over 65, people with chronic health conditions, and healthcare workers. This rollout coincides with an anticipated rise in cases during the holiday season.  Boosters aim to address waning immunity and adapt to the virus's evolving nature, ensuring that vulnerable populations remain protected. Vaccination remains a key strategy for minimising the health and societal impacts of COVID-19, especially as new variants like XBB and Eris spread. Access to these vaccines is critical, and Australians are encouraged to consult healthcare providers for guidance on eligibility and timing.

Recent updates to cervical screening in Australia highlight significant advancements in accessibility and convenience. The National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) now includes the option for self-collection of HPV samples. This initiative enables participants to collect their own vaginal swab in a clinical setting, offering a less invasive alternative to the traditional speculum-based clinician-collected method. Studies affirm that self-collection is equally accurate for detecting HPV and pre-cancerous changes. This option is particularly aimed at increasing screening participation among under-screened groups, including culturally diverse populations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people This change follows Australia’s commitment to eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2035. The expanded self-collection model, available since July 2022, is expected to address barriers to traditional screening methods, such as discomfort and cultural sensitivities. It is now available to all individuals eligible for cervical screening, regardless of screening history, empowering more people to engage in preventative health measures. Healthcare providers are encouraged to educate their patients about this option, which has already seen positive responses for its inclusivity and ease of use.